{"id":21,"date":"2009-10-13T18:12:31","date_gmt":"2009-10-13T15:12:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/info-it.talentirosit.ro\/?p=21"},"modified":"2012-12-14T22:22:02","modified_gmt":"2012-12-14T22:22:02","slug":"functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea","title":{"rendered":"Func\u0163ionarea calculatorului – Pornirea"},"content":{"rendered":"

Completarile si corectarile acestui articol pot fi gasite in comentarii gratie lui Stefan Chitic si Lucian Romonti.<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e2teva elemente de baz\u0103 care ar trebui \u015ftiute cam de oricine\u00a0ar vrea s\u0103 aiba habar de ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een domeniu. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd c\u0103r\u0163ile care explic\u0103 func\u0163ionalitatea unui calculator se bazeaz\u0103 pe c\u00e2teva scheme logice \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163ite \u00een fel \u015fi fel de p\u0103tr\u0103\u0163ele \u015fi cubule\u0163e cu denumiri abreviate. Alea nu au ca nimic de-a face cu func\u0163ionalitatea unul calculator ci, mai degrab\u0103, ele reprezint\u0103 circuitul datelor \u00eentr-un sistem informa\u0163ional (PC).<\/p>\n

A\u015fadar cum func\u0163ioneaz\u0103 calculatorul? Simplu, ca orice aparat electric se bag\u0103 \u00een priz\u0103. Curentul este preluat de surs\u0103 \u015fi transformat \u00een putere (W)<\/span> de la 220V.\u00a0Cu c\u00e2t sursa este mai bun\u0103 (puternica)\u00a0cu at\u00e2t ea va genera mai mul\u0163i W (wa\u0163i). De la surs\u0103 sunt alimentate cele mai importante compomente ale calculatorului: Placa de baz\u0103, HDD \u015fi celelalte unit\u0103\u0163i de citire a datelor de pe mediile de stocare (CD-ROM, Floppy, etc.) – cu 12V, 3V, 5V, – in functie de necesitatea fiecaruia.<\/p>\n

Placa de baz\u0103 este alimentat\u0103 constant, chiar \u015fi \u00eenaintea ac\u0163ion\u0103rii butonului power. La calculatoarele mai vechi erau alimentate dup\u0103, de aceea butonul power era conectat la sursa \u00eent\u00e2i. Pentru cei nostalgici – de aceea la shutdown Windows95 ap\u0103rea mesajul: It’s now safe to turn off your computer<\/em>. Practic atunci era sigur ca sursa s\u0103 fie \u00eenchis\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 ca placa de baz\u0103 s\u0103 fie \u00eentrerupta brusc \u015fi s\u0103 sufere \u015focuri (s\u0103 se distrug\u0103).<\/p>\n

Trec\u00e2nd la sistemele mai noi – butonul power este conectat mai \u00eent\u00e2i pe placa de baz\u0103 pentru securitatea sistemului. \u015ei este destul de logic pentru c\u0103 astfel se evit\u0103 accidentele de genul: „Am dat peste buton \u015fi s-a \u00eenchis”. Butonul este ac\u0163ionat, placa de baza \u00eencepe s\u0103 alimenteze restul compomentelor de la procesor p\u00e2n\u0103 la pl\u0103cile integrate sau cele din socluri sau porturi. Sursa \u00eencepe s\u0103 alimenteze HDD-ul, Floppy-ul, etc.\u00a0 Placa video prime\u015fte alimentarea prin placa de baz\u0103 \u015fi trimite semnal la monitor. Placa de baz\u0103 alimenteaz\u0103 toate porturile (USB, PS2, Serial) \u00a0\u015fi dispozitivele aferente (mouse, tastatur\u0103, etc.).<\/p>\n

Calculatoarele sunt programate s\u0103 urmeze o ordine de instruc\u0163iuni. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i verific\u0103 dac\u0103 toate componentele sunt \u00een regul\u0103 (adic\u0103 le caut\u0103), a\u015fteapt\u0103 c\u00e2teva secunde s\u0103 vad\u0103 dac\u0103 utilizatorul are vreo comand\u0103 specific\u0103 la \u00eenceput (dac\u0103 vrea s\u0103 intre \u00een BIOS sau s\u0103 afi\u015feze un meniu) iar dac\u0103 nu \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 nicio comand\u0103 trece la c\u0103utarea unui fi\u015fier de boot ce-l va ghida c\u0103tre un sistem de operare.\u00a0 Ordinea mediilor \u00een care el va c\u0103uta boot-ul este dat\u0103 de BIOS.<\/p>\n

(Exemplu de fi\u015fier boot: \u00cen start- run tasta\u0163i comanda: „C:boot.ini” – Unde „C:” este parti\u0163ia sistemului de operare – Valabil doar pentru Windows 9x\u00a0– XP).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Aspecte de re\u0163inut:<\/p>\n

– Placa de baz\u0103 nu se va arde niciodat\u0103 prima din cauza unei pene de curent. Sursa va fi cea care va ceda.<\/p>\n

– Placa de baz\u0103 se poate arde prin unul din porturile la care sunt conectate dispozitive ce au suferit traume. De obicei se ard doar porturile respective.<\/p>\n

– Sursele sunt alimentate la 220 V (de obicei) dar componentele nu trec mai sus de 12V – Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 pericolul de curentare c\u00e2nd se umbl\u0103 \u00eentr-o unitate alimentat\u0103 este practic nul.<\/p>\n

– Sursele defecte \u015fi alimentate pot duce la \u015focarea tuturor componentelor conectate: HDD, Floppy, CD-ROM, Plac\u0103 de Baz\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Completarile si corectarile acestui articol pot fi gasite in comentarii gratie lui Stefan Chitic si Lucian Romonti. C\u00e2teva elemente de baz\u0103 care ar trebui \u015ftiute cam de oricine\u00a0ar vrea s\u0103 aiba habar de ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een domeniu. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd c\u0103r\u0163ile care explic\u0103 func\u0163ionalitatea unui calculator se bazeaz\u0103 pe c\u00e2teva scheme logice \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163ite… Continu\u0103 lectura Func\u0163ionarea calculatorului – Pornirea<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[272],"tags":[620,621,615,622,623,624,625],"yoast_head":"\nFunc\u0163ionarea calculatorului - Pornirea - Cristi Juverdeanu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Func\u0163ionarea calculatorului - Pornirea - Cristi Juverdeanu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Completarile si corectarile acestui articol pot fi gasite in comentarii gratie lui Stefan Chitic si Lucian Romonti. C\u00e2teva elemente de baz\u0103 care ar trebui \u015ftiute cam de oricine\u00a0ar vrea s\u0103 aiba habar de ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een domeniu. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd c\u0103r\u0163ile care explic\u0103 func\u0163ionalitatea unui calculator se bazeaz\u0103 pe c\u00e2teva scheme logice \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163ite… Continu\u0103 lectura Func\u0163ionarea calculatorului – Pornirea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cristi Juverdeanu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2009-10-13T15:12:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2012-12-14T22:22:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Cristi Juverdeanu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Cristi Juverdeanu\",\"description\":\"F\\u0103c\\u0103tor de site-uri \\u0219i desf\\u0103c\\u0103tor de calculatoare.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea\",\"name\":\"Func\\u0163ionarea calculatorului - Pornirea - Cristi Juverdeanu\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2009-10-13T15:12:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-12-14T22:22:02+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/59951c8ae086411a67c5fbc3c834a885\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Func\\u0163ionarea calculatorului – Pornirea\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/59951c8ae086411a67c5fbc3c834a885\",\"name\":\"Cristi Juverdeanu\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0ac17d404aa9aa5502284abef534633e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0ac17d404aa9aa5502284abef534633e?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Cristi Juverdeanu\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/author\/cristi\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Func\u0163ionarea calculatorului - Pornirea - Cristi Juverdeanu","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Func\u0163ionarea calculatorului - Pornirea - Cristi Juverdeanu","og_description":"Completarile si corectarile acestui articol pot fi gasite in comentarii gratie lui Stefan Chitic si Lucian Romonti. C\u00e2teva elemente de baz\u0103 care ar trebui \u015ftiute cam de oricine\u00a0ar vrea s\u0103 aiba habar de ceea ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een domeniu. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd c\u0103r\u0163ile care explic\u0103 func\u0163ionalitatea unui calculator se bazeaz\u0103 pe c\u00e2teva scheme logice \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163ite… Continu\u0103 lectura Func\u0163ionarea calculatorului – Pornirea","og_url":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea","og_site_name":"Cristi Juverdeanu","article_published_time":"2009-10-13T15:12:31+00:00","article_modified_time":"2012-12-14T22:22:02+00:00","twitter_misc":{"Scris de":"Cristi Juverdeanu","Timp estimat pentru citire":"3 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/","name":"Cristi Juverdeanu","description":"F\u0103c\u0103tor de site-uri \u0219i desf\u0103c\u0103tor de calculatoare.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"ro-RO"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea#webpage","url":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea","name":"Func\u0163ionarea calculatorului - Pornirea - Cristi Juverdeanu","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2009-10-13T15:12:31+00:00","dateModified":"2012-12-14T22:22:02+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/59951c8ae086411a67c5fbc3c834a885"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ro-RO","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/functionarea-calculatorului-pornirea#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Func\u0163ionarea calculatorului – Pornirea"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/59951c8ae086411a67c5fbc3c834a885","name":"Cristi Juverdeanu","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/#personlogo","inLanguage":"ro-RO","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0ac17d404aa9aa5502284abef534633e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0ac17d404aa9aa5502284abef534633e?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Cristi Juverdeanu"},"url":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/author\/cristi"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/juverdeanu.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}